The Science of LED Light Therapy

Light therapy can be delivered through light emitting diode (LEDs) devices or cold LASERs, and has a variety of applications across many medical fields. Over the last decade, different applications of light therapy have gained mainstream attention and prevalent use in both clinical and at-home treatment.

What is LED LIGHT THERAPY?

Light emitting diode (LED) therapy, also known as photobiomodulation or low-level light therapy (LLLT), is the application of specific wavelengths of light energy to tissue to achieve therapeutic benefits. This non-invasive treatment is effective for addressing various conditions, including acne, ageing skin, pain, hair restoration, excess fat, and more. The absorbed light energy enhances cellular performance, promoting self-repair and rejuvenation—just as nature intended.

Phototherapy, particularly LED red light therapy, is well-researched and supported by thousands of peer-reviewed clinical studies from prestigious institutions worldwide. This clinically validated technique is increasingly recognised by dermatologists, cosmetic and general surgeons, and pain management professionals globally, gaining widespread acceptance in mainstream medicine.

Getting Just The Right Dose

We know that effective results from low level LED light therapy starts with the factors that provide a safe, effective dose that up-regulates mitochondrial ATP levels.

Proven Wavelengths

Red light, near infrared light, and blue light are the most clinically studied and proven to produce beneficial effects. Celluma utilises all three wavelengths synergistically, with doses dependent upon the type of treatment protocol for conditions like ageing skin, acne, hair loss, muscle and joint pain, wounds, and excess fat.

Distance & Power

Power and distance from the light source are directly related. In low-level light therapy, like in photography, the inverse square law tells us that with each incremental increase in the distance from the light source, there is an exponential decline in the intensity of light. So ensuring the proper distance from a light source that utilises a proper power output is an important balancing act in ensuring both safety and efficacy. Too much power at a close distance can be toxic and harmful to the skin. Too little power (or too much distance from the LED source), and treatments will be ineffective.

Celluma devices are designed to be flexible and shaped around the face or body, as close to the skin as possible. Therefore, we are able to make devices that require less power, are safe to have close to or directly on the skin, and most importantly deliver an effective dose within the biphasic dose response curve within 2 - 10 Joules/cm2

Time Duration

Cells need time to absorb light. You can't speed up nature (or results) if you don't give your body enough time to absorb the light energy that stimulates the up-regulation of mitochondrial ATP levels. There is a lot of misinformation claiming that more powerful devices will deliver the same results in less time. This is not supported by the scientific research, and could also lead to harmful effects. As long as the optimal dose is delivered safely and correctly with the right power output, distance, and proven wavelengths, 30 minutes will get you the optimal results.

Shining a Light on the Celluma Difference

There is a broad range of optical parameters required to induce cellular responses for desired therapeutic outcomes. These specific and well-proven requirements for effective light therapy begin with choosing the correct wavelengths; blue, red and near-infrared. These are the wavelengths most widely supported by credible scientific research for the effective application of low-level light therapy. Optimal energy delivery and treatment parameters are also crucial components. The importance of device placement and proximity to tissue is one aspect of LED light therapy which is often misunderstood and rarely explained effectively. The key to efficacy is getting the light emissions as close to the skin as possible to ensure optimal energy absorption. Based on Celluma’s patented shape-taking design, no other LED device is capable of positioning better or more easily than Celluma.

We know, based on the Inverse Square Law of optical physics, that the proximity to the treatment area is key to effectiveness. This law applies to all light therapy devices. In order to make up for the distance factor, early LED machines were built on what is considered today to be outdated platforms, and had to resort to different strategies, including increasing the number LEDs or increasing power output. However, these tactics don’t make up for distance they are positioned form the skin, they do however add dramatically to the cost of these bulky devices. The key to light therapy efficacy is not how much energy is output by a device, or how many LEDs there are, but how much energy is available for absorption by the tissue.

The Inverse Square Law states that certain forces on an object varies by the inverse square of the distance between the object and the source of the force. Light energy obeys this law. For example, an object placed three inches away from a light source will receive only one ninth as much energy as an object placed one inch from the light. Simply put and following the principles of the Inverse Square Law, we understand that the closer the light energy is emitted to the skin the more energy is absorbed and the faster and better you will see results. What exactly does this mean for you and how do you use this information to optimize results?

Today’s advances in LED technology allows Celluma to produce devices that leverage the Inverse Square Law. Celluma devices are flexible and shape-taking in design, allowing them to be contoured closely to the treatment area. In application, this means faster, better and longer lasting results for you, your clients and your patients. Essentially, placing Celluma, or any light therapy device farther away from the skin will not make it ineffective, just less effective.

Additionally, Celluma’s contouring design allows previously considered “awkward” areas such as elbows, shoulders or ankles to be treated with ease. The modality is hands-and stand free and does not require monitoring during the treatment session.

See how Celluma compares to other light therapy devices. The difference is uniquely clear. Celluma is:

  • Safe, clinically proven, FDA cleared (medically CE marked) and Health Canada approved
  • Non-toxic, non-invasive
  • Affordable alternative to drugs and harsh topical solutions
  • Conforms closely to the treatment area for optimal effectiveness unlike other LED devices
  • Patented Shape-Taking Design. While some LED machines claim to be flexible, unlike Celluma, none can hold their shape in position without stands or cradles to hold them in place
  • Treats large surface areas and can be used safely anywhere on the body
  • Portable and lightweight — ideal for travel and easy storage
  • Takes the principles of the Inverse Square Law into account
  • Embedded NASA researched technology
  • Safe for the entire family, including pets*

*Not cleared for use on children under 12 years old.

The Science of Light Energy

Patented Shape-Taking Design

The distance between the light source and treatment area is critical for successful outcomes.

Human bodies are not flat. Thus, maintaining a consistent proximity between the body and the light source is crucial in delivering the optimal dose of light energy to our cells. Which is why we designed and patented our award-winning, flexible, shape-taking technology that allows anyone to contour Celluma LED panels as close as possible to the skin for getting just the right dose of uniform light energy for safe, effective results.

How It Works

  1. STEP 1

    Emitting Light Energy

    Light therapy emits particles of light called photons.

  2. STEP 2

    Absorption and Conversion to Energy

    These photons are absorbed by photoreceptors in the mitochondria of our cells, converting light into cellular energy (ATP).

  3. STEP 3

    Cellular Response

    Increased ATP boosts protein and enzyme production, promoting cell repair and regeneration.

Science-Backed LED Light Therapy

Thousands of studies over the last 50 years demonstrate clinical proof of an ever-growing number of biological effects and therapeutic benefits from the application of low-level LED light therapy and red light therapy to the human body.

Low-Level Light Therapy

The Nuts and Bolts of Low-level Laser (Light) Therapy, 2012

Photodynamic and photobiological effects of light-emitting diode (LED) therapy, 2018

Photobiomodulation: The Clinical Applications of Low-Level Light Therapy, 2021

Ageing Skin

Unlocking the Power of Light on the Skin: A Comprehensive Review on Photobiomodulation, NIH PubMed 2024

Low Level Laser (Light) Therapy (LLLT) for Cosmetic Medicine and Dermatology, Photobiology.info 2014

The efficacy of combination LED light therapy (red & infrared light) in facial skin rejuvenation, 2005

Body Contouring

Body Contouring Using Low Level Light Therapy, 2013

Efficacy of low-level laser therapy for body contouring and spot fat reduction, 2011

Photobiomodulation therapy with light-emitting diode in stimulating adipose tissue mitochondria, 2023

Hair Growth

Role of Low-Level Light Therapy (LLLT) in Androgenetic Alopecia, 2021

Low-Level Laser (Light) Therapy (LLLT) for Treatment of Hair Loss, 2014

Low-level laser therapy for the treatment of androgenic alopecia: a review, 2021

Pain Management

The Use of Low Level Laser Therapy (LLLT) For Musculoskeletal Pain, 2015

Short-term therapeutic effects of 890 nm light therapy for chronic low back pain, 2014

Keys to Effective Low Level Light Therapy (LLLT), 2016

Acne

Self-diagnosis of Mild-to-Moderate Acne for Self Treatment with Blue Light Therapy, 2009

Clinical Efficacy of Self-applied Blue Light Therapy for Mild-to-Moderate Facial Acne, 2009

Blue and red light combination LED phototherapy for acne vulgaris in patients with skin phototype IV, 2007

Frequently Asked Questions

WE KNEW YOU WERE GOING TO ASK

Are there any direct benefits of LED Light Therapy for hyperpigmentation?

There is actually very little research on using LED therapy for hyperpigmentation but the available research points to red and near-infrared being beneficial. Here’s how it apparently works according to one study*: Near-infrared… “significantly reduced melanin production and tyrosinase expression, not only in a normal human melanocyte monoculture both with and without forskolin stimulation but also in a three-dimensional multiple cell type culture. It reduced melanin content via inactivation of the apoptosis signal-regulating kinase and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 pathways. The level of phosphorylated cyclic AMP response element-binding protein was also decreased by LED irradiation. Moreover, LED irradiation reduced melanogenesis through decreased expression of tyrosinase family genes (tyrosinase-related protein-1 and 2, and microphthalmia-associated transcription factor). These results indicate that LEDs could potentially be used to treat melanin-overproducing skin conditions.”* Light-emitting Diodes at 830 and 850 nm Inhibit Melanin Synthesis In vitro Jeong Mo Kim, Nan-Hyung Kim, Yu Shun Tian and Ai-Young Lee Dongguk University Research Institute of Biotechnology Medical Science Research Center, and Department of Dermatology, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea.

Can I remove the stands on the ELITE?

The ELITE S2 features 5 separate FDA-cleared treatment modes addressing ageing skin, body contouring, hair growth, acne, and pain. Unlike other devices, the ELITE S2 is stand mounted and features a rolling base.

Can I use the Ageing mode on the Celluma PRO to restore hair?

The Hair mode found on the RESTORE, NOVA, ELITE, and CONTOUR PLUS are the only Celluma devices that are specifically designed for Hair Restoration and this is the only program that can claim FDA-clearance for this indication. Our before and after images are based on results using the Celluma RESTORE and the Celluma RESTORE protocol. The Wrinkle/Red Light program on other Celluma devices is NOT the same - even with the pulsing off. It is a different algorithm, emitting a different level of energy. Additionally, the Celluma RESTORE and the NOVA are smaller devices than the Celluma PRO and fits perfectly over the head.

Contour Mode - How long does the effect last?

Everybody is different, so results and treatment duration vary from person to person. The official protocol is 3x per week for 4 weeks. Most users report results after just one treatment, and you may need to continue to use the Contour mode regularly to maintain results.

Does Celluma treat eczema?

Neither Celluma, nor any other LED device, is FDA-cleared for the treatment of eczema, so there are no protocols in place, and we make no claims for treating this condition (protocols-for-use are derived from clinical trials). Not a lot of research has been conducted using LEDs to treat eczema, so the information available is mostly anecdotal. The wavelengths used in Celluma are strictly therapeutic and red and infrared are great at decreasing inflammation. They also increase micro-circulation and cause vasodilation which can result in healthier tissue as it brings more oxygenated and nutrient-rich blood into the area.

Does Celluma treat psoriasis?

Celluma is not FDA-cleared for the treatment of psoriasis, there are no protocols in place (protocols-for-use are derived from clinical trials). The truth is that not much study has been conducted using LEDs to treat psoriasis so all the information available is mostly anecdotal. The wavelengths used in Celluma are strictly therapeutic and red and infrared are great at decreasing inflammation. They are also going to increase micro-circulation and vasodilation which usually results in healthier tissue as it brings more oxygenated and nutrient-rich blood into the area.

Does Celluma treat rosacea?

As Celluma, or any other LED device, is not FDA-cleared for the treatment of rosacea, there are no protocols in place (protocols-for-use are derived from clinical trials). The truth is that not much study has been conducted using LEDs to treat rosacea so all the information available is mostly anecdotal. The wavelengths used in Celluma are strictly therapeutic and red and infrared are great at decreasing inflammation. They are also going to increase micro-circulation and vasodilation which usually results in healthier tissue as it brings more oxygenated and nutrient-rich blood into the area. The blue in the Acne and red-light (Wrinkle) programs will be antibacterial and help reduce any lesions and pimples. Many LED device users are confused about using infrared as they think that the infrared is heat producing when, in fact, it is not. The infrared wavelength used in Celluma increases mitochondrial function in compromised tissue located in the dermal and subcutaneous layer of the skin. It is not thermal in nature, so no heat is produced by the infrared wavelengths. However, with Celluma, the resistors on the circuit board produce a little warmth which may produce a temporary pinkish complexion, and this may not be desirable with a rosacea client however temporary.

Does the ELITE have the same lights as the RESTORE for hair growth?

Yes. The new ELITE S2 is the first 5-mode device FDA-cleared for body contouring, hair restoration, acne, ageing skin, and pain. The ELITE S2 features a modular design, powering up to three LED panels, offering three times the coverage during a single treatment. It also includes interchangeable large and small accessory panels for location-specific body applications.

Does the FACE / HOME / RESTORE / LITE / NOVA have the same power as the PRO?

All of Celluma's devices have the same light energy output per square cm and the same effectiveness per treatment mode. The PRO is a larger device, covering more surface area of the skin, and thus has more LED's than the standard sized HOME/FACE/RESTORE/LITE/NOVA. For example, using the WRINKLES treatment, the PRO and the FACE/HOME/RESTORE/LITE/NOVA deliver the same light energy output.

Does the LITE have the same power as the PRO?

All Celluma's devices have the same light energy output per square centimetre and the same effectiveness per treatment mode. The PRO is a larger device, covering more surface area of the skin, and thus has more LED's than the standard-sized LITE. For example, using the WRINKLES program, the PRO and the LITE emit the same light energy output per cm².